Creative and evaluative crowd research solutions including: forecast/predictions, recommendations, filtering/ranking, big data synthesis, systems testing, crisis response, knowledge management/wikis, market research, ideastorms and customer service.

Concept, data, standards and sourcing open innovation solutions including: configurations, product offerings, designs, experiences, ideas, solutions, optimizations, software and services.

Public, private and hybrid mass collaborations including: knowledge networks, policy networks, advocacy groups, operational/delivery networks, institutional networks, watchdog groups, platforms, governance groups, global standards organizations and cultural diasporas.

Open, hybrid and closed communities of: customers/users, fans/ambassadors, experts, influencers/tastemakers, members, suppliers/partners, employees and grassroots advocates.

Crowd-based tasks and creativity including: voting, polling, contests, outsourced microtasks, freelance macrotasks, complex solutions and self-organzied groups.

Individual, corporate social responsibility and not-for-profit crowd-based cause efforts including: positions/pledges, fundraising, taking action, volunteering, recruiting others, education, donation crowdfunding, mobilizing offline and developing breakthroughs.

Social business galvanizing and curating content, conversations, campaigns, commerce and business models across: marketing, sales, support, innovation, talent and corporate-wide efforts.

More highly involved and shared co-created efforts of products, services, experiences, concepts and full business through customer: submitting, tinkering, co-developing, co-leading and co-ownership.

Shared goods, services, transportation and spaces taking on various forms: gifting, sharing, lending, swapping, provisioning, pre-owned,  co-owned and customized.

Open and curated crowdfunding that does not confer equity from donating members but may take on the form of : donation, reward-based, sponsored/patroned and civic-based.

Open or curated crowdfunding that does confer equity to members and may take on the form of: investment equity, royalties, microcredit and community shared ownership.

Peer-to-peer marketplaces, both lending and commerce in the following sectors: consumer products and services, small business, education, real estate and industrial goods.

People-mediated currencies including: currencies, payment networks and distributed exchanges.